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Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Qingkailing Injection in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The active components and target proteins of Gardeniae Fructus, Isatidis Radix, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and other materials in Qingkailing Injection were obtained by means of literature search and TCMSP. Uniprot database was used to search the target genes corresponding to the active ingredients, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the drug-compound-target network. The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway was carried out with the help of DAVID database to predict its mechanism. Core active components and potential targets of anti-COVID-19 drugs were verified by molecular docking. Results: The drug-compound- target network consisted of five drugs, 62 compounds and 70 targets. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis included 41 signaling pathways (P < 0.05), which were mainly involved in cell apoptosis, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, etc. Molecular docking results showed that acacetin and syrigin had strong affinity with potential targets of anti-COVID-19 drugs. Conclusion: In this study, the effect of Qingkailing Injection has the characteristics of multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways. The active component, acacetin, can regulate the apoptosis pathway and TNF pathway by acting on CASP3, CASP8, FASLG, and other targets, so as to realize the potential therapeutic effect on COVID-19.
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Objective::The effects of three different doses of borneol on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model rats and the effects on oxidative stress factors were compared to provide reference for elucidation of the dose-effect relationship and mechanism of anti-myocardial infarction. Method::Healthy adult male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, solvation model group, nitroglycerin group, Borneolum high, medium and low dose(0.6, 0.3, 0.15 g·kg-1) group, l-Borneolum and Borneolum syntheticum high, medium, low dose(0.2, 0.1, 0.05 g·kg-1) group, a total of 13 groups, 20 in each group. Gavage was performed at 20 mL·kg-1 once a day for 3 days of continuous preventive administration. The sham operation group and the model group were given the same volume of distilled water, and the solvation model group was given the same volume of 5% polysorbate 80.On the third day of the pre-administration, 30 minutes after the last dose, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to make a model, and the successful rats were treated for 3 days. BL-420N biological system analyzer was used to record the ST-segment amplitude and hemodynamic changes. Rat body weight and cardiac weight were weighed to calculate cardiac viscera coefficients, 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to calculate the myocardial infarction rate. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the degree of myocardial pathological damage. According to the kit requirements, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate amino-transaminase (AST), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and oxidative stress factors superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Result::Compared with the sham operation group, the ST segment amplitude of the model group significantly increased after 5 minutes, the left ventricular diastolic blood pressure (LVDP) value increased significantly, and the measured maximum shortening velocity (Vpm) value of the left ventricular myocardial contraction component significantly decreased. The organ coefficient and myocardial infarction rate were extremely significantly increased, and the myocardial pathological tissue was severely damaged. The serum CK-MB, AST, LDH, and MDA contents were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the solvation model group, the Borneolum and l-Borneolum in the middle and low, and the Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups could significantly inhibited the abnormal elevation of ST segments at different time points. The Borneolum and l-Borneolum high, medium, low, and Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups significantly increased the left ventricular systolic blood pressure (LVSP) value and decrease the LVDP value (P<0.01). The Borneolum medium, low, and l-Borneolum high, medium, Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups significantly increased the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (dp/dt max) and Vpm value (P<0.05, P<0.01). The Borneolum and l-Borneolum medium, low dose groups significantly reduced rat cardiac organ coefficients. The Borneolum high, medium, low and l-Borneolum, Borneolum syntheticum medium, low dose groups significantly improved myocardial infarction in rats (P< 0.05, P<0.01). The Borneolum low, l-Borneolum high, medium, and Borneolum syntheticum high groups also significantly improved the degree of pathological damage (P<0.01). High dose of l-Borneolum significantly reduced CK-MB content, medium and low dose of l-Borneolum significantly reduced AST activity, medium and low dose of l-Borneolum, high, medium and low dose of Borneolum syntheticum significantly reduced LDH activity (P<0.05, P<0.01). Serum SOD activity of rats in l-Borneolum high, medium, and Borneolum syntheticum high dose groups increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Serum MDA levels in Borneolum high, medium, low, and l-Borneolum high, middle dose groups significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion::Three kinds of borneol in different dose groups can play different degrees of myocardial protection. Under the experimental conditions, there was a trend of l-Borneolum>Borneolum>Borneolum syntheticum in improving the efficacy of myocardial infarction, the dose-effect of Borneolum was negatively correlated, Borneolum syntheticum was positively correlated, and no significant dose-effect relationship between l-Borneolum.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children receiving surgeries for critical and complex congenital heart disease (CCHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the 2011's Berlin definition of ARDS, the clinical data were collected from 75 children without ARDS (group I) and 80 children with ARDS (group II) following surgeries for CCHD performed in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of our hospital from January, 2009 to May, 2014. Univariate analyses and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors contributing to the occurrence of ARDS following the surgeries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 80 patients who developed ARDS postoperatively in group II, 27 had mild ARDS, 25 had moderate ARDS, and 28 had severe ARDS; death occurred in 17 (21%) cases. Univariate analyses showed that 23 parameters were significantly different between groups I and II (P<0.05), including weight; preoperative PCO2, left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary infection, and coagulation abnormalities; early postoperative serum globulin; intraoperative aortic cross clamp (ACC) time; cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time; operation time; blood loss and blood transfusion amount intraoperatively and during the first 8 h after operation; lactic acid level immediately after the operation and its maximum increasing rate within 24 h postoperatively; postoperative serum levels of albumin and creatinine; serum levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and prealbumin 24 h after operation; and age. Logistic regression analyses showed that intraoperative ACC time, CPB time, the maximum increasing rate of lactic acid within 24 h after operation, serum procalcitonin 24 h after operation and intraoperative blood loss were independent risk factors for postoperative ARDS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The risk factors of ARDS identified in these children can predict the occurrence of ARDS following the surgeries and timely interventions can improve the success rate in treatment of postoperative ARDS in children with CCHD.</p>